ABSTRACT
From February 26, 2020 to March 11, 2021, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in 11,439,558 cases and 277,102 deaths in Brazil. Among them, 2,195,130 cases and 63,965 deaths occurred in Sao Paulo State, Southeast Brazil. The recent emergence and rise of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 is of concern because of their higher transmissibility and possible association with more severe disease. Cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections have been described since December 2020 in Brazil. This report describes two cases of COVID-19 reinfection, that occurred five and six months after the first infection, during the second wave of the pandemic in Sao Paulo State. Both patients presented mild symptoms in the two COVID-19 episodes and different lineages of SARS-CoV-2 were identified: B.1.1.33 and B.1.1.28 lineages in case 1 and B1.1.128 and P. 2 lineages in case 2.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Pandemics , ReinfectionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively describe severe cases of hospitalized patients and deaths related to the COVID-19 epidemic in the state of São Paulo, starting from the date of the first record, with symptoms onset on 02/10/2020 up to 05/20/2021. METHODS: This is a descriptive study carried out using the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe - SIVEP-Gripe) database. The rates of incidence, mortality, and accumulated incidence in the period were calculated, stratified by age group and Regional Health Department (RHD). In addition, severe cases were geocoded to analyze their spread across the state; and the Effective R, which determines the spread potential of a virus within a population, was calculated. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in severe cases and deaths recorded in the period of one year, with incidence and mortality rates being heterogeneous within the state. The most critical periods regarding the incidence of severe cases occurred between May and July 2020 and between March and April 2021. The RHD in São José do Rio Preto, Expanded São Paulo, and Araçatuba concentrated the highest incidence and mortality rates. Severe cases and deaths were more frequent in men and in the population over 60 years, while the main risk conditions related to deaths were heart disease (59%) and diabetes (42,8%). CONCLUSIONS: These results not only provide a detailed profile for more efficient control action plan, but will also allow the historical understanding of the COVID-19 evolution within the state of São Paulo.
OBJETIVO: Descrever, de forma retrospectiva, os casos graves de pacientes hospitalizados e os óbitos relacionados à epidemia de COVID-19 no estado de São Paulo, desde a data do primeiro registro, com início de sintomas em 10 de fevereiro de 2020 até registros disponíveis em 20 de maio de 2021. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado por meio da base de dados do Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência, mortalidade e incidência acumulada no período, estratificadas por faixa etária e agrupadas de acordo com cada Departamento Regional de Saúde. Os casos graves foram geocodificados para a análise de seu espalhamento pelo estado e foi calculado o R efetivo, que estima o potencial de propagação de um vírus em uma população. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo dos casos graves e óbitos registrados no período de um ano, e as taxas de incidência e mortalidade foram heterogêneas no estado. Os períodos mais críticos em relação à incidência de casos graves ocorreram entre maio e julho de 2020 e entre março e abril de 2021. Os Departamentos Regionais de Saúde de São José do Rio Preto, Grande São Paulo e Araçatuba concentraram as maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade. Os casos graves e óbitos foram mais frequentes nos homens e na população acima de 60 anos, e as principais condições de risco relacionadas aos óbitos foram cardiopatia (59%) e diabetes (42,8%). CONCLUSÕES: Espera-se que esses resultados ofereçam embasamento e possam contribuir para uma ação de controle mais eficiente da COVID-19, além de permitir o entendimento histórico de sua evolução no estado.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic remains a threat to public health. We report 2 cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection in the same healthcare professional in Brazil. Genomic analysis identified that primoinfection was caused by the endemic lineage B.1.1.33 while reinfection by the lineage B.1.1.44, a lineage with an additional V1176F mutation in S protein.